You can apply up to 3 months ahead of your intended travel date, so if you're looking to travel 20 Dec, the earliest you could apply would be 20 Sept.
The visa is supposed to be valid from the date you list on your application as your intended travel date (historically, this hasn't always been the case, but with the new entry requirements, the ECO should be abiding by the applicant's stated travel date).
The visa will be valid for 30 days to enter the UK once valid. So, if the visa is valid from 20 Dec, you would have 30 days to enter the UK (and you could enter the UK anytime after 20 Dec, but before the 30 days are up). Once in the UK, you would need to collect your BRP from the designated post office within 10 days.
If you cannot enter the UK within the 30 day timeline, you would need to pay a fee and apply for an extension to allow you more time to move to the UK.