So if I understand correctly, the visa is valid the moment it is issued, so does that mean if I move to UK 2 months after it is issued, I would actually have less than 2.5 years and I may have to apply for extension not once but twice before becoming a permanent to remain (or maybe not since I'm married to a British citizen)? Once the visa is issued, how much time do I have to enter the UK before the visa expires?
No, the visa is valid for 33 months, so 2 years and 9 months, which gives 3 months leeway.
However, last year they changed how the visa is issued - and instead of being issued as a 33-month sticker in your passport, they now issue it as follows:
- a 30-day vignette sticker in your passport. You MUST enter within those 30 days. If you don't, you will need to send your passport back and pay about £120 for a new 30-day sticker
- a 33-month BRP plastic ID card which you must pick up from a local UK post office within 10 days of arriving in the UK.
The online application will ask for an intended travel date, which can be up to 3 months ahead of the date you submit the online application.
The visa vignette will be valid for 30 days from that date (unless the visa hasn't been issued in time, in which case, it will be made valid from the date it is approved).
So, you would either need to put an intended travel date to match up with the date you will definitely move to the UK, or you get it issued earlier, enter once, pick up the BRP card, and then return to Denmark for a few weeks until you are ready to move properly.
In addition to the visa fee, it looks like I have to pay the immigration Health Surcharge as the spouse of a British citizen. How much is that?
Yes, that's correct - it's £200 per year of the visa, with half-years rounded up, so for a 33-month visa, it's £600 upfront.
The visa itself costs £1,195 and the surcharge is £600... so that's £1,795 in total.