A (hopefully) easy to understand list of what happens when and where:
- your fiance starts gathering documents in the UK... job contract, P60, bank statements, payslips, accommodation evidence (tenancy agreement and landlord permission if he rents, or Land Registry and mortgage statement if he owns), plus any relationship evidence he will contribute (boarding passes, letters/cards, emails etc.)
- you start gathering documents in the US... relationship evidence, old passports, passport photos etc.
- you get married in Australia... and receive your marriage certificate
- either your fiance gives you his documents when you are in Australia so you can take them back home to the US with you, or he mails them to you in the US (depending on your timing)
- you return to the US with your marriage certificate, plus any documents you may have from him if he's given them to you
- you print and fill out VAF4a Appendix 2 at some point before you apply. It's good to do it while you are gathering documents as it helps you work out what documents you need (depending on financial requirement category)
- when you are back in the US, and you have ALL your documents in your hands (both yours and his), you apply online, pay for the visa and book biometrics
- you attend biometrics in the US
- within 5 days of the biometrics appointment, you mail all your documents and application forms to Sheffield from the US
- the visa will be processed in Sheffield
- when a decision has been made, your passport/visa and documents will be returned to your US address
- you will have 30 days from the date the visa starts (which is determined by the travel date you put on the application form) to enter the UK
- within 10 days of entering the UK, you pick up your Biometric Residence Permit (BRP) from a designated UK Post Office. This will be your actual spousal visa.