It doesn't really matter if you do the bloodwork "too early". The bloodwork starts the minimum 6-month waiting period before your cat can travel, but that waiting period doesn't really end.*
The 4 month window starts when you get your state USDA vet to sign off on the EC 998 form. Then you have another 24-48 hour window directly before the flight where you need to do a final vet visit for tick/tapeworm treatment, and any paperwork the airline might require (health certificate, etc).
So, to recap...
Bloodwork to travel: minimum 6 months, theoretically no maximum (provided the rabies vaccination is kept up to date)
USDA signoff to travel: minimum 48 hours (for tick/tapeworm treatment), maximum 4 months
For what it's worth, I started the process May 2009, did bloodwork June 2009, got my EC 998 signed by the USDA January 2010, and my pets flew April 2010.
*Note: While, in theory, you can do your EC998 form with your USDA vet at any time, including years after the bloodwork, to start your 4-month travel window, you'll want to check with your USDA vet to make sure they're OK with that. Mine claimed I could only get my form processed within 2 years of completing the bloodwork.