Her company has begun deducting tax from her wages as she has passed the allowance threshold for the uk. Should she request the tax back and file for us taxes then?
No, your wife must fulfil her UK tax obligation as she is resident and earning in the UK.
If the company is applying the UK PAYE system, and your wife has no other sources of income unknown to HMRC, then she may not have to file a self assessment return in the UK. You and your wife will know the answer to sources of income.
Since your wife is a USC, the US
deems her as a resident of the US and all normal IRS tax obligations for US residents apply in addition to her UK obligation. Since her income exceeds UK thresholds, it is quite likely she will exceed all US thresholds for filing a US 1040 tax return. So, she has two tax obligations.
When your wife files a US return, and because she has been resident here since Sept. 2016, she will be able to offset either her UK income (FEIE - Foreign Earned Income Exclusion) or offset her US tax liability by using UK tax paid (FTC - Foreign Tax Credit). Neither offset is automatically granted, and one must file a US return in order to claim an offset.
There may be additional US reporting obligations such as 8938 (assets - like bank/savings accounts) and FBAR. FBAR is separate reporting to her tax return and must be done online. Both have separate thresholds.