Doug,
Whatever you do, carefully investigate the schools you are interested in. Across the board, UK universities charge foreign students far more for tuition than native Brits. While this may not be of much consequence for someone doing a one-year Masters course (in many cases this is more cost-effective than 2 years of postgrad in the U.S.), this can add up over 4 years once you add accommodation and cost of living to the mix. If you do not have private savings, and are planning on taking out loans to cover your education, you will need to make sure that the university that you enroll in is a Title IV school according to the U.S. Dept. of Education, which means it will be compatible with U.S. student loans. If a school is Title IV, it will have a code on the FAFSA (Free Application for Student Aid) Web site like U.S. universities do.
So, if you will be going the loan route, just because a school accepts students straight out of American high school doesn't necessarily mean that it will be compatible with U.S. funding.
Also, you need to be attending classes full-time at an accredited university in order to be eligible for a student visa. So make sure that your prospective university is properly accredited. Local colleges (the UK equivalent of vocational schools, as Expat has said) are not accredited in the same way as universities and so I do not think you would be eligible for a student visa if your intent were to attend one of these. Again, I'm sure the UCAS Web site can explain this in detail.
Please also realize that as you will be attending classes full-time, you will only be able to work 20 hours per week while class is in session, and so to be eligible for a student visa you must prove that you have an alternate means to support yourself (i.e. savings). You will need to prove that you can pay for your accommodations and all extras, such as books, fees, transportation, supplies, etc. free and clear of a part-time job. So you may want to figure in extra costs such as these beyond tuition when you are figuring out how much you will need. Basically, they don't want for you to depend on a job to completely sustain you while you are studying -- it's only for extra pocket money, really.
Another thing to consider is that when you apply for a student visa, the consulate asks to see bank statements that provide evidence of funding for your tuition (i.e. bank statements evidencing your savings or promissory note from your lender) as well as bank statements evidencing savings beyond what you require to pay your tuition. They will also need a letter from your uni of choice stating costs for tuition, accommodation and fees, so that they can compare this with your promissory note/bank statements to ensure that you will be covered financially.
Studying abroad can be a rewarding experience, but it does require a lot of preparation, so unfortunately there are no "easy" answers to your questions. But between UCAS, the Home Office Web site and your uni's study abroad office, I think you should be on the right track to planning your further education.
Good luck!