The advice you received was incorrect unless you meet one of the exemptions on Line 7a or 7b of Part II of Form 8965. You may want to file a 1040X for 2014 rather than have the IRS discover the mistake.
What would the implications be? I should start this process through the EA that filed the taxes, right?
As you were previously in Germany which has a calendar tax year, did you elect to claim foreign tax credits on the accrual method, as this is a real pain for someone in the UK, given the UK tax year end?
No, I did foreign earned income, because I don't think the tax credits would have covered the tax due in the US. I only earned like $14,000 (I was a student at the time)
Did your 2014 US return report any contributions to German pension plans or refunds you might have received that year from German social insurance?
Do you mean private pension plans? No, I didn't have any form of investment there. I haven't applied to have the German social insurance paid back yet, because I believe to have read that you have to not make contributions for 24 months before they pay it out.
This was the rationale when I asked about the exemption form:
For 2014 you are considered "covered" since you have foreign health insurance and are a foreign resident, You would only need to file the exception if you did not have foreign health insurance. I can see deductions for health insurance on your wage statements so its a non-issue for you.