Previously, there was no such thing as an actual "student visa" - you simply showed your school acceptance letter and what-have-you at Immigration upon arrival in the UK. Now, you have to apply for a visa based upon your acceptance as a student in the UK if it is for a period longer than 6 months.
Exactly. They would stamp you in for the period of your study and they would hand-write the code showing your "student" status, right there on the stamp. Technically that was the student visa.
Basically what they have done is shifted the paperwork from the airport to the Consulate/Embassy system. This is supposed to improve security by taking the pressure of rapid decisions off airport IO's. Supposedly, bogus students are a main avenue of illegal entry. I can't help but notice that the new policy also brings in more money.
So I still don't understand how this would apply to a US citizen who simply wants to stay in the UK for the heck of it...I mean, if this is "possible" - then shouldn't those who come here wanting to spend time with their UK sweetie but not ready to commit to the Fiancee Visa yet be able to apply for this? And wouldn't this facilitate building up the time for the Unmarried Partners requirements?
There
used to be a thing called a multiple entry visitor's visa, good for 2 years or for 1 year. You had to get it at the consulate. The main people who used these, at least in terms of Americans, were business people who traveled to Europe frequently and wanted to expedite their UK entries (my friend would have gotten one of these if they had not been phased out); people who needed to care for family members in the UK; and people who were trying to build up time towards the UP visa, especially when it used to take
four years instead of two.
These days, from what I understand, the multiple entry visa is no longer available, and all visitor's stamps, business and personal, have been squashed down to 6 months on-entry stamps and they tell you to apply for the Residence Permit (basically, in the case of long term visitors, a visa extension) if you need more time--say, if you are caring for an ailing family member. The problem with being a visitor on the basis of a romantic relationship, is that it fails the "intent to leave" test almost by definition. They can't legally give you a visitor's stamp
or a visitor's extension unless they believe that your intent is to leave the country when your visa is up. Immigration has been pretty horrible to some people who come to care for dying parents, but who happen to be from countries where there are a lot of illegal entrants, sending them home on the basis that they don't intend to leave after the family member is gone. A few of the most high profile stories like this have got into the papers.
The best route into the UK for those who are trying to build up UP visa time, is still to come as a student or to get a work permit if you can manage it.