The history of local taxation in the UK...
It started with the Rates, which was based solely on the deemed rental value of your property. This left little old ladies on a pension paying a fortune because they were still living in the homes they grew up in, and differed wildly from region to region. So that was scrapped, and was replaced by...
The Community Charge, otherwise known as the Poll Tax, which was a tax per person. This was deemed to be unfair as it meant that individuals had to pay regardless of their income or value of their property, and was seen as moving the burden from the rich to the poor - no one judged rates according to the old lady, but according to the millionaire in the mansion who was paying the same as the plumber down the road...cue mass riots, and one of the most successful direct action campaigns the UK has ever seen...
So then the Council Tax was brought in as a sort of compromise. Those in properties of a lower value pay less than those in more expensive properties, but large families aren't penalised as it is not a 'per head' charge. Single people, students and those on low incomes get exemptions or assistance. The problem is that, as you say, if you use the same services why should you pay more just because you live in a more expensive property? Well, the idea is that if you live in a more expensive property then you must have more money, so you pay more so that the less well off can have their discounts. Unfortunately, it doesn't really work this way, as the real difference is in local authority to local authority. A five bedroom semi in Wandsworth is more valuable than a five bed semi in Harringey, but because Wandsworth Council have different spending priorities and less debt they can charge vastly less council tax than Harringey.
I'd love to see a taxation system which pleases everyone, but that will never happen.
Vicky