Some "real people" are pouring contempt on, and snickering at, a society's ways. Some of us have grown to love that society and its ways. Sometimes people sound like the American tourists you hear laughing at the "dinky little cars"
I actually agree in this case. I've been offended by several posts in this thread and the way that they've been phrased including the OP.
1. If someone says "Alright?" to you, it's perfectly acceptable to say "Yeah not too bad, How are you?" or "Fine, we're having great weather, you alright?".
I always reply when someone asks me if I'm alright, if your wife doesn't, I would take it up with her rather than applying a blanket criticism to the British in general.
The nature of "Are you alright?" is inherently casual, so if you reply "I'm fine thank-you, how do you do today?" or words to that effect, in a formal way then there's going to be am awkward pause. It's the equivalent of someone saying "Hey, what's up?" and you replying "I am splendid thank you for enquiring, and how might you be doing today?"
Regarding your in-laws, how often have you asked how they are? If they say "Hi Jon, is Sandra there?" could you not say "She's in the garden, I'll just get her. How are you doing today?" and therefore start some pleasantries?
My FiL(to be) absolutely just barks my boyfriend's name as a question whenever he phones, there's no apparent tention between us but he's never asked how I am, I could be on fire and he wouldn't ask.
That's something MY mother would never do. She always speaks to my boyfriend, asks him how uni is, sends him a birthday card, she even sends presents at xmas to my MiL(to be) at xmas. Have she ever got anything back? No she bloody hasn't. I'm not casting dispersions on every American ever, I just assume it's specific to the people involved (my mother is very thoughtful about people).
2. Texting. I hate being called by people for short messages, if someone calls you, you have little choice but to answer, you could be on the bus, in a shop, at work, you have no choice but to interrupt your day and answer it.
A text, a short, concise, informative text, that you can read at your leisure, that gives you information that you need. What could be better?
Email is fine for me, but not everyone sits in front of their email or Facebook all day, lots of my friends check their email once every couple of days.
3. Never noticed it at all. But it sounds like your wife was still talking when she was hung up on. That's rude to me, even if I don't agree with lots of goodbyes, if someone was still speaking to be hung up on is really rude.
4. Not unique to the UK at all! Have you ever seen Seinfeld?