A U.S. retirement account will be making a distribution to a U.S. citizen and the U.S. retirement account will report that payment on a Form 1099 to the IRS and a copy will be sent to the U.S. citizen for reporting on their tax return.
The new 30% withholding rules under new section 1471(a) apply to certain payments "to . . . foreign financial institutions . . . ." In the scenario posed above, there has been no payment "to" a foreign financial institution. Instead, the payment was to a U.S. citizen. If the U.S. citizen directs that the payment be wire transferred into a foreign bank account owned by the U.S. citizen, there is still no payment "to" the foreign financial institution. For instance, if my employer deposits my salary into my Bank of America bank account, the payment is to me and not to Bank of America.
From a policy perspective this makes sense. One of the primary purposes of the FATCA rules was to make sure that payments to U.S. citizens are reported on Form 1099 (or other applicable form) so that it is more difficult for U.S. citizens to hide their income. Here, the distribution from the U.S. retirement plan will be reported on Form 1099 by the U.S. retirement plan and there is no need for the foreign bank to report anything. If an FFI were to report anything with respect to this payment, there would be duplicate reporting.