Hi everyone.
I've been lurking on this site for a few weeks and really love it. I'll spare you all the boring details of how I stumbled upon this site, and how much I love Britain. I'll just say it's always been a dream of mine to live here. Emigrate here really. But I never thought it was ever probable or even feasible outside of marrying a Brit. That was until I discovered this place. 
Hi there, and welcome to the forum

- there is tons of useful information here to help you with your plans

.
I've poked around on some of the other threads in this forum and learned a bit about Visas. Like I said, I'm looking to possibly emigrate here. So I'm looking at degree programs that will allow me to do that in the long run more so than others. For instance, I know Social Work in Children and Family Services (a field my mother's worked in the US for over 20 years in fact so I know a little bit about it), Math and Science Secondary Education Teachers, Operating room Nurses and Neonatal Nurses are all on the Shortage Occupation List and are all fields in which I'd really enjoy forging a career in any country.
It's worth being aware that the Tier 2 shortage occupation list is subject to change at any time - the professions listed on there now, may not be on there anymore by the time you want to move. You may also find that certain medical/nursing positions are only available to people who are on the higher pay bands within the NHS system (i.e. consultants, managers or specialists)... and will probably require that you have several years of experience of working in the field before you can reach that level.
The above doesn't paint the most heartening picture. I think I read some where this applies to nursing programs as well as most of them are NHS funded. Correct me if I'm wrong, but does this mean that international students are in a way somewhat wholly discouraged from pursing degrees in these specific areas in the UK due to them being primarily NHS funded? Is there any possible way to legally get around this for international nursing and/or psych students? And by that I only mean by self funding or US State funding (loans) through Fafsa? I also think I read on the UKBA website that the Overseas Nursing Program is now defunct. Is that accurate?
To be honest, I'm not too sure what you can do about courses that are NHS-funded. Maybe it's worth trying to contact the universities that offer the courses and see if they have any information about whether international students have had any success?
Actually, I'm leaning more towards a degee in Nursing. And will most likely pursue it in the States even if I never get to move over here. As such, what is the best way to further my chances for getting a Tier 2 Visa? Because isn't the HSMP/Tier 1 Visa is being phased out this year along with the Post Study Work Visa? So would my best chances be to aim for a Tier 4 Student Visa and while I'm there look for work in a hospital that would sponsor me to then qualify for the Tier 2 Visa? Or would it be best if I were to earn a graduate nursing degree in the States and then after I've finished schooling look for work in a UK hospital from over here?
It's difficult to know the best course of action at the moment, because the government are making various changes to the immigration system this year (such as Tier 1 General being phased out, the Tier 2 requirements being tightened etc.). So far, I don't think they've said whether or not the Post Study Work visa will be phased out too... I think it's just the Tier 1 General at the moment.
In terms of ease of getting a visa, the Tier 4 Student visa is probably much easier to get than a Tier 2 visa - as long as you have acceptance of a place (certificate of sponsorship) and can meet the funding requirements, you shouldn't have too much of a problem (unless there are issues with getting a position that would normally be NHS-funded). If the PSW visa is still around after your studies, you could go that route... otherwise you would have to try to find a Tier 2 sponsor.
You'd probably be best looking at the pros and cons of getting the degree in the US and the UK - you don't want to get a degree in the UK, not be able to get a job afterwards and then find that you can't get a job in the US either because you don't have the required qualifications to work in the US.
Or maybe I should just bugger it all and go for Social Work or Secondary Ed instead of Nursing altogether? As I'm assuming neither of those are State Department funded, right? So student funding is more feasible and acceptance into those programs more welcome for international students?
My personal feeling is that you should study a subject that you're really interested in instead of what you think might get you a job in the UK afterwards... for example, you don't want to go into social work/secondary education/nursing, only to find that it's been taken off the shortage list by the time you are qualified... then you might have a degree which you maybe weren't all that interested in doing in the first place, and no UK job to show for it.
One thing to note regarding doing Secondary Education is that the only jobs on the shortage list currently are Maths and Science teachers... and to become a Maths or Science teacher in the UK, you usually need a bachelor's degree in Maths or Science (usually in the science subject you wish to specialise in... Biology, Chemistry or Physics). After you have that degree, you then do a 1-year PGCE (Postgraduate Certificate of General Education) in either Maths or Science to become a teacher. As an example, I have an undergraduate degree in Physics... so I could train to become a Maths or Science teacher (specialising in teaching only Physics at the higher levels in schools (likely ages 14-18)), but it's unlikely I would be able to train to teach any other subject (such as English).
Would it be better for me to earn a Bachelor's degree over in the UK as opposed to the US so I'll be better prepared for the Graduate degree programs there in the UK?
Not necessarily - it depends on your previous academic experience, what postgraduate subject/course you want to study in the UK and what the pre-requisites are for the courses.
Where do I even begin to look for which universities to start applying?How do I know which are accredited and which aren't? Where do I begin discerning which program, university, and/or even city is right for me and which isn't?
You could have a look at the league tables for 2011 and see where different universities are ranked for the subject(s) you are interested in:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/universityguide and
http://www.thecompleteuniversityguide.co.uk/single.htm?ipg=7281You can find a list of accredited universities (recognised bodies) here:
http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/recognisedukdegrees/index.cfm?fuseaction=institutes.list&InstituteCategoryID=1 and the league tables can help you to find which ones have the best reputations for your subject.
In terms of cities, that part is harder if you aren't familiar with the different UK cities/areas. The best thing to do is probably to do some internet research on the cities where the courses/universities you are interested in are.
Hope this helps, and good luck with your plans

.