I have started the process twice in the UK.
You will be allowed to even though you do not have ILR, though your DH would have to be considered the main carer until you had ILR.
The process generally takes from 6 months to a year.
They look at your physical space to take care of a child: You need to have a space they deem appropriate and safe. So generally one bedroom free, though the 2 councils I applied in preferred more empty bedrooms for sibling sets. One place we lived in was deemed not appropriate because of the handrails on the communal staircase and we couldn't get our maintenance company to change them, even if we paid for them.
It was recommended to DH & I to quit our jobs and apply for a council house to foster so we could have more than one child at a time.
They also look for people who live in smoke-free homes
They also look at your circumstances: Are you currently a stay-at-home mom? They want at least one parent in the household to be unemployed. One intake worker told me that she found that "women who intended to work are not committed mothers"
(Note that I work at home, make my own hours and understanding bosses and it was something that they were considering rejecting our application for)
For most areas, they want you to have a driving license, even though they are not a requirement. ('The train was late/cancelled' is not an excuse to miss a court appointment, bio family visits, or anywhere else you are expected to take the child)
DH & I would love to adopt, especially out of the foster care, and we were basically told that we would be put lower down on an adoption list because we were foster care. We were pretty heartbroken about it decided to pull our application and focus on moving back to the US where it is more likely we can adopt out of the care system.
HOWEVER, I have several friends & family members that are foster carers and I think it is one of the hardest/best things you can ever do and you should definitely look into it!
I highly suggest calling your local authority and getting a mailing that describes all the different types of foster care. I know two years ago most authorities were in desperate need of long-term foster carers (from months to years), especially those for older children.
There also might be meetup groups in your area for foster parents, which is a great way to get the real dirty details.
One good thing about going through the visa process is that you and DH should be used to people wanting intimate details about your relationship- so it won't be too weird going through this process
Chicklet is contemplating a move back to the US. She desperately wants to attend high school in the US. It will break my heart if she decides to go, but her god-parents are agreeable to her staying with them. I just know I'll go out of my mind with missing her and boredom if I don't do something. I love being a mom...
This made me want to give you a big ((((hug))). No matter where Chicklet is- you are still a mom! I am guessing a great one.