Hi,
Congratulations on the job offer! Not sure what you mean by your next line of not being 20? are you around that age or much older? not that it makes too much difference !
You'll not get a loan for a car rightaway, or credit cards or any kind of larger scale borrowing as you don't have a UK credit history. That said, there are some companies that specialise in arranging finance for those who have bad credit histories, county court judgements etc. There's adverts all over the national media and the one that springs to mind is
http://www.wheels4sure.com/It's not possible to say how much getting your license will cost as no one knows how well and quickly you'll learn and adapt to the UK roads and driving conventions. You might need none or very few lessons, or you might need many more.
Lots of topics on this forum about license requirements if you are American coming to the UK, you can drive using your US licence but after 1 year of being here you must obtain a UK license in order to continue driving.
Furniture is often moved with a house move, some people move everything, some move nothing and purchase new again. If you have big items of furniture, I'd say sell them off over there as you don't know if they'll fit into whichever property you live in here. On the general level, UK houses are much smaller than US ones as you already mention. There's plenty of places to buy furniture here!
Look in the moving section, there's mentions of various shippers and companies. Depending on how much stuff you have and wish to bring, the quotes will vary. I'd add to the furniture to leave/sell in the USA things like big screen TV's, fridges and white goods etc. Bring bulky or heavy things which have sentimental value if you wish, but the less you bring the easier and cheaper your quote will be. Almost all the everyday, living and comfort items you could wish to have are available here.
What field of work and expertise are you in ? Lots of areas around the midlands too many of which are lovely.. others, not so !!
Cheers, DtM! West London & Slough UK!