SUPERRRR late to the party as I was in the US so only catching up on all the threads I've missed now, but all I can say is that it's been almost 4 years for me over here and I am only just
now starting to become independent in terms of building friendships. Everybody says to make friends at work but I can tell you that - depending on the situation - it's not always that easy. It took me two years in one role of people older than me who I had very little in common with before I moved to a new role where there was somebody in my age group that I have now (a year later) started hanging out with outside of work.
What I will say is that I started getting more involved in hobbies now that I can drive (independent mobility has been BEYOND amazing!). I have started slowly speaking more and more to the people in the classes I've taken. Maybe some of those will eventually develop into friendship, maybe they won't - but the point is that if I've increased the chances by putting myself out there in the form of picking up hobbies after work/on weekends where I now have the potential of meeting people. I would strongly suggest doing this early on if possible!
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MeetUp could also become your best friend. I know it's an amazing way to get out and do new things with new people, but I've not actually done any of that yet because I personally can't get past the roadblock of being the "new person" in a group that may have been already meeting for months or years prior to me. That is something that I have to work on as I think some of the meetups could be really cool if I could get past my own anxiety about that, but if you think you could jump into activities like that, I strongly recommend it as I've heard some success stories there! If there's a local "Expat" group where you are from, that might be another good resource. We started a book club in the one closest to me and it's nice to get out with other American's every so often as these are people that can relate to your particular way of thinking on certain topics based on cultural background.
Where is it that you are located over here? Apologies if you already mentioned it, I was just skimming and I only read through some replies n the first page (I'll go back and read the rest but figured I was late enough replying that I would just reply first and read the rest later hah)