Yep, we used a lawyer this time. I think it was pretty clear - she set out each of the requirements and explained how we satisfy them. I suppose we'll find out one way or the other! I don't think we would've made Art 8 submissions this time if UKVI hadn't automatically considered a human rights claim with the first application...
UKVI must now always look at any Human Rights claim when they refuse a visa, even though the applicant never asked for it. This is why it was mentioned on the last refusal. If the applicant meets the visa requirement under the immigration laws, then there is no need for UKVI to look to see if there is any human rights claim.
The Immigration Act 2014 and 2016 ended in-country appeals, including Human Rights, to shut down the well known abuse. i.e. the legacy cases. Keep putting if for a visa they know they will never get and keep appealing that refusal for years, then another visa application and the rounds of appeals again, then a Human Rights claim, all the time knowing they will never get these visas or HR. The more people that did that, the longer the court backlogs got and they all remained in the UK for years as they couldn't get deported.
Now those trying this sort of abuse, don't get an in-country appeal and get told they have 14 days to leave the UK. Any claim to human rights has already been looked at and refused, when UKVI refused their visa. These must now appeal from their own country - which isn't worth them doing if they know they won't get a visa to enter the UK. The 14 years illegal/legal stay for ILR, that many were trying to hang on for, was changed to 30 years for ILR for application approved from that date (as it was outside the immigration rules). Proof of their 20 years illegal/legal stay and then on to the very expensive 10 years route (4 visas and 10 years of the IHS).
Unfortunately, shutting down abuse sometimes catches out the genuine. e.g.
Lack of documents to renew their visa from within the UK, can now put a spouse on the very expensive 10 year route if they have a British child, instead of their last 30 month visa before their ILR. Whereas these might have rather reapplied with the correct documents for their last 30 months to ILR.