Sirius, I think you'd be shocked at what REALLY happens with landlords and deposits.
If the tenant doesn't do their due diligence with photos after they move out - it can be BAD. Loads of people with shocking experiences on the Expat groups.
Landlords get away with a lot. The UK laws are NOT written in the tenants favor no matter what the government may try to tell you.
I should have added here that I have been on both sides over the years and seen how the laws have changed to be in the tenants favour, because they have had to.
We went from being landlords for years, to seeing the other side of the coin when we met a bad landlord.
That landlord thought that if he moved his mother in with him, he could let her property to students and make loads of money. He didn't understand that letting a property had different safety rules, or perhaps he didn't have the money to comply with the laws. He had let the property for a couple of years without anybody pulling him up on this.
Because he refused to carry out some minor repairs that we asked for for the students when we saw his let, that would have only cost him about 4 or 5k, he ended up with 14k of repairs that the local council ordered him to carry out.
I don't feel sorry for any landlord when they get thousands in repairs as this should be built into their business plan as the good landlords do, although I doubt he had one.
In England, even years ago with my first let; every tenant can call in the council to inspect the property to ensure it meets the standard of letting. The council then instruct the landlord to carry out repairs on every thing they find that does not comply with the laws. If the landlord does not carry out these repairs within a set time, then the council will do the work and bill the landlord.
What we have seen is the change in the laws and more to come in, to combat the rise in the "slum landlords" as the bad landlords are now called, that have arrived over the last decade or so.
e.g.
-the law to stop landlords avoiding their repairs by threatening to issue the tenant with a no fault S21 to make them leave, if they ask for repairs to be carried out. That was known by the slum landlords as a “retaliatory S21" to avoid repairs. The law had to come in to stop that, even though a S21 is only a notice to quit and the tenant does not have to move out by the date the landlord has said.
-The deposit protection law to end the bad landlords who thought/think they can keep what they want to from a tenant’s deposit. The fines the landlords now have to pay to their tenants if they didn't use a scheme and that having to pay their fine to their tenant, really upset some of these as they would have rather pay the fine to the local council than their tenant
-the law to end the holding deposit being used as an extra deposit and keeping that money in their own account. Or the landlord not having the sense to check their letting agent had kept that money in their own account instead of returning it to the tenant when they move in, as they were meant to do.
- the laws that now make a landlord a criminal even though they don't know the laws and thought their letting agent did.
Etc
Other new laws can also affect landlords, not just the Housing Acts and not compying with these can sometimes make the landlord (not the letting agent) a criminal. e.g. The Immigration Acts. Ignorance is no excuss in the eyes of the law.