We are thinking of moving in late August/early September because of the Festival, although this will be dependant on the housing that we find. We have (tentative) plans to fly out there the week of June 20th to secure a flat.
What is considered to be "student housing", expat? Neither of us are students and we would really prefer not to live in a student-populated neighborhood. Will it be so difficult to find housing that is not geared towards students?
Marchmont, The Meadows, Sciennes, Lauriston, the Pleasance and some parts of Newington have very large student populations. As well as the areas around Clerk (pronounced 'Clark') Street, the top of Leith Walk/Elm Row and Easter Road. These areas are all very near (walking distance to) town centre.
Edinburgh has an affluent student population, so rents in these areas can be quite steep.
Edinburgh is very much a 'tenement' city, with about 65% of its housing stock in the form of flats. Houses are mostly semi-detached (attached to one neighbour) or 'terrace' (a row). There are very, very few 'bungalows' (ranch style houses) in town.
Lothian (pronounced with a long 'o') buses are fairly efficient coming into town, and so areas on a Lothian bus line are all good options. A bus pass costs about £31/month. Do be aware, however, that the ol' 'you don't need a car in Edinburgh' doesn't really ring true unless you live in town centre, especially if you have a child. Many buses are older style and do not accommodate a buggy, so you have to fold it down with one hand whilst minding the child and your shopping with the other. And the city has many, many stairs and is quite hilly.
We live fairly close to town - about two miles - in an area called Leith Links. And a car has been invaluable for bargain-hunting - especially with a nearly two-year-old daughter and another baby on the way. But we pay for the priviledge - our rent, council tax and electricity total £706/month for a two-bed flat, and flats this size around here sell for £180,000+. You see them listed as 'offers over'. It's a blind bidding process, and you generally bid 25-50% over the 'offers over' price and see how you get on.
Beware flats or homes with NO central heat (VERY common as most of the stock is Victorian or older) and/or NO double-glazed windows! These can be a trap, especially if you see them in summer. Many have very high ceilings and look cool and inviting in summer. They will be absolutely BALTIC in winter and your electricity bill will be astronomical as you'll have to use portable electric heaters. Pay attention to the home's aspect - Edinburgh is often very cold, in a wet sort of way, and north-facing windows can jack your heating bills.
It is a good idea to come over in June and see what you find. As soon as the Festival ends, the students start arriving as their semester begins in mid-September.
If you decide to move out of town and you have no car, beware a long commute if you're not on a train line! It can take folks living outside town who must rely on non-Lothian buses to get to work up to an hour and a half each way for a journey of 15 or 20 miles. So, yes, whilst your rent may be cheaper, you might make up for it in time and commuting costs.
B/c petrol is not cheap here and cars cost more to run - in road tax and MOT - commuting costs are a real factor.