I have a US bank account, a brokerage account and also Social Security that require 2FA.
3 other US accounts including private pensions that I access online don't require 2FA, which is fine by me as they are essentially read-only sites. IRS electronic funds transfer for paying estimated taxes also doesn't use 2FA.
The bank and brokerage support voice as well as text, in that they will call the US number on record and a robotic voice speaks the numbers. (I have a Skype account with US number for this purpose, among others). With SS you have a choice of text or email confirmation so I choose email to get the verification code.