I successfully did this 2 or 3 years ago when ID.me was first being used by them. I did it from England with no US address and at the end had to wait several hours for a video appointment to confirm my id.
I don't recall needing a US address.
ETA
I didn't remember that correctly - sorry. I set up ID.me for my new IRS account, not SSA, from England with no US address. I still don't need to use ID.me to log into SSA because my account was created before September 18, 2021